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81.
Y. Azuma N. Usami T. Ujihara K. Fujiwara G. Sazaki Y. Murakami K. Nakajima 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2003,250(3-4):298-304
We developed an automatic feedback control system of the crystal–melt interface position to keep the temperature at the interface constant during growth, and demonstrate its successful application to grow Ge-rich SiGe bulk crystals with uniform composition. In this system, the position of the crystal–melt interface was automatically detected by analyzing the images captured using in situ monitoring system based on charge-coupled-devices camera, and the pulling rate of the crucible was corrected at every 1 min. The system was found to be effective to keep the crystal–melt interface position during growth even when the variation of the growth rate is quite large. Especially, the interface position was kept for 470 h during growth of Ge-rich SiGe bulk crystal when we started with a long growth melt of 80 mm. As a result, a 23 mm-long Si0.22Ge0.78 bulk crystal with uniform composition was obtained thanks to the constancy of the growth temperature during growth through the control of the interface position. Our technique opens a possibility to put multicomponent bulk crystal in a practical use. 相似文献
82.
Dr. Takahito Mukai Dr. Markus Englert Dr. H. James Tripp Dr. Corwin Miller Dr. Natalia N. Ivanova Dr. Edward M. Rubin Dr. Nikos C. Kyrpides Prof. Dieter Söll 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(17):5337-5341
Selenocysteine (Sec or U) is encoded by UGA, a stop codon reassigned by a Sec‐specific elongation factor and a distinctive RNA structure. To discover possible code variations in extant organisms we analyzed 6.4 trillion base pairs of metagenomic sequences and 24 903 microbial genomes for tRNASec species. As expected, UGA is the predominant Sec codon in use. We also found tRNASec species that recognize the stop codons UAG and UAA, and ten sense codons. Selenoprotein synthesis programmed by UAG in Geodermatophilus and Blastococcus, and by the Cys codon UGU in Aeromonas salmonicida was confirmed by metabolic labeling with 75Se or mass spectrometry. Other tRNASec species with different anticodons enabled E. coli to synthesize active formate dehydrogenase H, a selenoenzyme. This illustrates the ease by which the genetic code may evolve new coding schemes, possibly aiding organisms to adapt to changing environments, and show the genetic code is much more flexible than previously thought. 相似文献
83.
Direct Transformation of Molecular Dinitrogen into Ammonia Catalyzed by Cobalt Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing Anionic PNP Pincer Ligands 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Shogo Kuriyama Dr. Kazuya Arashiba Prof. Dr. Hiromasa Tanaka Yuki Matsuo Dr. Kazunari Nakajima Prof. Dr. Kazunari Yoshizawa Prof. Dr. Yoshiaki Nishibayashi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(46):14291-14295
The direct formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen under mild reaction conditions was achieved by using new cobalt dinitrogen complexes bearing an anionic PNP‐type pincer ligand. Up to 15.9 equivalents of ammonia were produced based on the amount of catalyst together with 1.0 equivalent of hydrazine (17.9 equiv of fixed nitrogen atoms). 相似文献
84.
Nickel‐ and Photoredox‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Formal Nucleophilic Alkylation Reagents 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Kazunari Nakajima Sunao Nojima Prof. Dr. Yoshiaki Nishibayashi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(45):14106-14110
A combination of nickel and photoredox catalysts promoted novel cross‐coupling reactions of aryl halides with 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines act as formal nucleophilic alkylation reagents through a photoredox‐catalyzed carbon–carbon (C?C) bond‐cleavage process. The present strategy provides an alternative to classical carbon‐centered nucleophiles, such as organometallic reagents. 相似文献
85.
Inside Cover: Direct Transformation of Molecular Dinitrogen into Ammonia Catalyzed by Cobalt Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing Anionic PNP Pincer Ligands (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2016) 下载免费PDF全文
86.
Construction of Chiral Tri‐ and Tetra‐Arylmethanes Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylation of Indoles with Propargylic Esters 下载免费PDF全文
Kouhei Tsuchida Yasushi Senda Dr. Kazunari Nakajima Prof. Dr. Yoshiaki Nishibayashi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(33):9728-9732
Copper‐catalyzed enantioselective propargylation of indoles with propargylic esters and sequential Huisgen cycloaddition with azides lead to the construction of chiral triarylmethanes, bearing a quaternary carbon center, with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The result described herein can be used in the enantioselective preparation of a tetraarylmethane. 相似文献
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